|
Clinical studies / Clinical justification:
The herb Harad is extensively researched and strongly supported with research
papers published all over the world in prominent medical research journals of
medical fraternity. Summary of some of the research papers is given below to
support its inclusion in NEEROGA Capsules.
-
1) Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Sep;28(9):1639-44.
Antioxidant effects of aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula in vivo and in
vitro.
Lee HS, Won NH, Kim KH, Lee H, Jun W, Lee KW.
Department of Food Science, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Korea
University, Seoul, Korea.
The ripe fruit of Terminalia chebula RETZIUS (T. chebula RETZ)
(Combretsceae), which is a native plant in India and Southeast Asia, has
traditionally been used as a popular folk medicine for homeostatic,
antitussive, laxative, diuretic, and cardiotonic treatments. The objective of
this study was to evaluate the protective effects of an aqueous extract of
fruit of T. chebula on the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative
injury observed in cultured rat primary hepatocytes and rat liver. Both
treatment and pretreatment of the hepatocytes with the T. chebula extract (TCE)
significantly reversed the t-BHP-induced cell cytotoxicity and lactate
dehydrogenase leakage. In addition, TCE exhibited in vitro ferric-reducing
antioxidant activity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl free radical-scavenging
activities. The in vivo study showed that pretreatment with TCE (500 or 1000
mg/kg) by gavage for 5 d before a single dose of t-BHP (0.1 mmol/kg i.p.)
significantly lowered the serum levels of the hepatic enzyme markers aspartate
aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and reduced the indicators of
oxidative stress in the liver, such as the glutathine disulfide content and
lipid peroxidation, in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathologic examination of
the rat livers showed that TCE reduced the incidence of liver lesions,
including hepatocyte swelling and neutrophilic infiltration, and repaired
necrosis induced by t-BHP. Based on the results described above, we speculate
that TCE has the potential to play a role in the hepatic prevention of
oxidative damage in living systems.
-
2) Phytother Res. 2007 May;21(5):476-80.
Evaluation of the growth inhibitory activities of Triphala against common
bacterial isolates from HIV infected patients.
Srikumar R, Parthasarathy NJ, Shankar EM, Manikandan S, Vijayakumar
R, Thangaraj R, Vijayananth K, Sheeladevi R, Rao UA.
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic
Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu,
India 600 113.
The isolation of microbial agents less susceptible to regular
antibiotics and the rising trend in the recovery rates of resistant bacteria
highlights the need for newer alternative principles. Triphala has been used in
traditional medicine practice against certain diseases such as jaundice, fever,
cough, eye diseases etc. In the present study phytochemical (phenolic,
flavonoid and carotenoid) and antibacterial activities of aqueous and ethanol
extracts of Triphala and its individual components (Terminalia chebula,
Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis) were tested against certain
bacterial isolates (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella
sonnei, S. flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella
paratyphi-B, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi)
obtained from HIV infected patients using Kirby-Bauer's disk diffusion and
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. T. chebula was found to possess
high phytochemical content followed by T. belerica and E. officinalis in both
aqueous and ethanol extracts. Further, most of the bacterial isolates were
inhibited by the ethanol and aqueous extracts of T. chebula followed by T.
belerica and E. officinalis by both disk diffusion and MIC methods. The present
study revealed that both individual and combined aqueous and ethanol extracts
of Triphala have antibacterial activity against the bacterial isolates tested.
Copyright 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
-
3) J Food Prot. 2006 Sep;69(9):2205-9.
Growth-inhibiting activity of active component isolated from Terminalia chebula
fruits against intestinal bacteria.
Kim HG, Cho JH, Jeong EY, Lim JH, Lee SH, Lee HS.
Faculty of Biotechnology and Center for Agricultural Science and Technology,
College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonbuk National University, Chonju
561-756, Korea.
The growth-inhibitory activity of materials derived from the
fruit of Terminalia chebula was evaluated against six intestinal bacteria by
means of an impregnated paper disk agar diffusion method. The butanol fraction
of T. chebula extract had profound growth-inhibitory activity at a
concentration of 5 mg per disk. The biologically active component isolated from
the T. chebula fruits was identified with a variety of spectroscopic analyses
as ethanedioic acid. The growth responses varied in accordance with the
bacterial strain, chemical, and dosage tested. In a test with concentrations of
2 and 1 mg per disk, ethanedioic acid had strong and moderate inhibitory
activity against Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli, respectively,
with no associated adverse effects on the growth of the four tested lactic
acid-producing bacteria. Ellagic acid derived from T. chebula fruits exerted a
potent inhibitory effect against C. perfringens and E. coli, but little or no
inhibition was observed with treatments of behenic acid, P-caryophyllene,
eugenol, isoquercitrin, oleic acid, ca-phellandrene, 3-sitosterol, stearic
acid, a-terpinene, terpinen-4-ol, terpinolene, or triacontanoic acid. These
results may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological properties
of T. chebula fruits.
-
4) Hum Exp Toxicol. 2006 Mar;25(3):111-8.
Terminalia chebula (fruit) prevents liver toxicity caused by sub-chronic
administration of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide in combination.
Tasduq SA, Singh K, Satti NK, Gupta DK, Suri KA, Johri RK.
Division of Pharmacology and Natural Products Chemistry, Regional Research
Laboratory, (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu - Tawi 180 001, India.
Terminalia chebula Gertn. (Combetraceae) is an important herbal drug in
Ayurvedic pharmacopea. In the present study, a 95% ethanolic extract of T.
chebula (fruit) (TC extract), which was chemically characterized on the basis
of chebuloside II as a marker, was investigated for hepatoprotective activity
against anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drug-induced toxicity. TC extract was found
to prevent the hepatotoxicity caused by the administration of rifampicin (RIF),
isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA) (in combination) in a sub-chronic mode
(12 weeks). The hepatoprotective effect of TC extract could be attributed to
its prominent anti-oxidative and membrane stabilizing activities. The changes
in biochemical observations were supported by histological profile
-
5) Phytomedicine. 2004 Sep;11(6):530-8.
Studies on the aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula as a potent antioxidant and
a probable radioprotector.
Naik GH, Priyadarsini KI, Naik DB, Gangabhagirathi R, Mohan H.
Radiation Chemistry and Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
Aqueous extract of a natural herb, Terminalia chebula was tested
for potential antioxidant activity by examining its ability to inhibit
gamma-radiation-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes and damage
to superoxide dismutase enzyme in rat liver mitochondria. The antimutagenic
activity of the extract has been examined by following the inhibition of
gamma-radiation-induced strand breaks formation in plasmid pBR322 DNA. In order
to understand the phytochemicals responsible for this, HPLC analysis of the
extract was carried out, which showed the presence of compounds such as
ascorbate, gallic acid and ellagic acid. This was also confirmed by cyclic
voltammetry. The extract inhibits xanthine/xanthine oxidase activity and is
also an excellent scavenger of DPPH radicals. The rate at which the extract and
its constituents scavenge the DPPH radical was studied by using stopped-flow
kinetic spectrometer. Based on all these results it is concluded that the
aqueous extract of T. chebula acts as a potent antioxidant and since it is able
to protect cellular organelles from the radiation-induced damage, it may be
considered as a probable radioprotector.
|